Kinetics Study of Curing Epoxy Resins with Hydrolyzed Proteins and the Effect of Denaturants Urea and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The primary goal of this study was to determine the effect of two protein denaturants, urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on the apparent activation energy of cross-linking bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) with hydrolysate of waste animal proteins. Nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure the apparent activation energy of the reactions. The use of SDS resulted in a marked reduction in activation energy, comparable to the reduction in activation energy when a catalyst for epoxy rings, triethylamine (TEA), was used. The addition of urea slightly increased the activation energy. The heat of reaction increased in the presence of SDS because more reactive sites were made available for curing. This work demonstrates the use of SDS as a protein denaturant additive was an energetically efficient alternative to higher degrees of protein hydrolysis for subsequent curing of DGEBA.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it