Homocysteine Levels in Takayasu Arteritis — A Risk Factor for Arterial Ischemic Events
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate homocysteine levels in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) and in controls, and to analyze associations between homocysteine levels and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, cysteine levels, methotrexate use, disease activity, extent of arterial involvement, and ischemic events in patients with TA. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 29 patients with TA and 30 controls who underwent clinical evaluation and blood sample collection in the fasting state. RESULTS: Among patients with TA, active disease was observed in 9 (31.0%) and previous arterial ischemic events in 10 (34.5%). Therapy with methotrexate was prescribed to 9 (31.0%) patients and it was associated with folic acid in 8 cases. Median homocysteine level was higher in patients with TA [10.9 μmol/l, interquartile range (IQR) 9.6-14.8] than in controls (6.9 μmol/l, IQR 5.1-11.9; p < 0.001). No difference was found regarding mean homocysteine levels between those using methotrexate and those under other therapies (12.8 ± 5.3 μmol/l vs 12.1 ± 3.2 μmol/l, respectively; p = 0.662). TA patients with active disease presented lower homocysteine levels (10.4 ± 2.1 μmol/l) compared to TA patients in remission (13.1 ± 4.2 μmol/l) (p = 0.034). A significant correlation was found between cysteine and homocysteine levels in patients with TA (ρ = 0.676, p < 0.0001), while there was no correlation between homocysteine and PON1 activity (ρ = 0.214, p = 0.265). Median homocysteine levels were higher in patients with ischemic events (13.2 μmol/l, IQR 10.9-17.5) compared to patients with no ischemic events (9.8 μmol/l, IQR 8.7-14.7; p = 0.027) and were associated with arterial ischemia in patients with TA (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.71, p = 0.041). CONCLUSION: Patients with TA presented higher homocysteine levels than controls and homocysteine was associated with an increased risk of arterial ischemic events in TA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".