Hydromechanical response of a bedded argillaceous rock formation to excavation and water injection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Opalinus clay is a candidate host formation for the geological disposal of nuclear wastes in Switzerland. The understanding of its long-term mechanical (M) and hydraulic (H) behaviour is an essential requirement for the assessment of its performance as a barrier against radionuclide transport. To study the HM response of Opalinus clay, a microtunnel, 13 m in length and 1 m in diameter, was excavated in that formation at the Mont Terri Underground Research Facility. The rock mass was equipped with sensors to measure the deformation and pore pressure in the rock mass during and after the excavation. A mathematical model that couples the equations of flow and mechanical equilibrium was developed to simulate the HM response of the rock mass. An anisotropic plastic constitutive relationship, based on a microstructure tensor approach, was incorporated in the model. Creep was also considered, as well as the anisotropy of permeability. It is shown that the model satisfactorily predicts the shape and extent of the excavation damage zone (EDZ), deformation, and pore pressure in the rock mass. It is also shown that anisotropy and creep play an important role in the HM response of the rock mass to excavation. The model was further used to simulate water injection tests performed at the test section in the microtunnel. The results show that EDZ, due to its high permeability, is a preferential groundwater flow path along the microtunnel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".