Recurrent Intestinal Mucinous Borderline Tumors of the Ovary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intestinal mucinous borderline tumors (IMBTs) of the ovary are generally associated with a highly favorable outcome and rarely recur. We describe 5 cases of IMBT initially treated by cystectomy or by salpingo-oophorectomy that was likely incomplete, with subsequent recurrences. Three cases were received in consultation, and in each of these, the clinical and intraoperative findings were worrisome for mucinous carcinoma, and diagnostic difficulty was encountered by the referring pathologist. The patient age ranged from 28 to 69 (median 53) yrs. All tumors were clinically Stage I at presentation; in at least 3 cases, extensive adhesiolysis was required during their removal. A pathologic diagnosis of IMBT was made in 4 cases; the remaining tumor was inadequately sampled (3 blocks from a 7.5-cm tumor showed predominantly benign to focally borderline mucinous epithelium). A total of 8 recurrences, all as IMBT, developed at mean follow-up of 26 (range, 6-102) mo; 6 of these occurred within ≤2 yr. In 4 cases, removal of recurrent tumor required an extensive operation because of bowel and/or vaginal involvement. Residual ovarian stroma was identified in all recurrences. There was no evidence of invasive mucinous carcinoma, pseudomyxoma peritonei, or a primary tumor elsewhere (including appendix) in any of the cases. Our findings indicate that patients with IMBTs who undergo cystectomy or oophorectomy requiring adhesiolysis are at increased risk of recurrence, which may occur early, be multiple, and potentially require extensive resection if sites such as bowel or vagina are involved. Recurrences of IMBT that develop in this setting likely represent regrowth of incompletely resected IMBT, or arise within residual ovarian tissue. This is the first detailed clinicopathologic study of such cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".