A study on correlation properties of shadow fading of millimeter wave frequency spectrum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Correlation properties of shadow fading are the essential part of a large-scale channel model to evaluate system-level performance. The recent interest on mmWave frequency band naturally requires the study of these correlation properties so that new cellular system based on the new spectrum on mmWave band can be identified to be feasible. To the best of our knowledge, the correlation study has been done in only legacy band, below 6 GHz, and the study of these correlation properties in mmWave channel is required. In this paper, we investigate the correlation of shadow fading in mmWave frequency band by comparing this with the results in conventional cellular frequency band, i.e., under 6 GHz. In detail, decorrelation distance and site-to-site correlation as the correlation parameters are obtained from the results of the ray-tracing simulation at 28 GHz and 2 GHz frequencies in the area of downtown of Ottawa. The simulation results show the similarity of the decorrelation distance which is statistically independent of frequency. Also, 28 GHz and 2 GHz have similar site-to-site correlation values to each other. From these results, we claim that the correlation parameters for mmWave frequency band can be adopted from the parameters of the conventional cellular frequency band.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".