176 Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown considerable promise for relieving nociceptive and neuropathic symptoms of refractory chronic pain. We assessed the efficacy of a new target for the affective component of pain, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). METHODS: 15 patients (12 males and 3 females) with neuropathic pain underwent bilateral ACC DBS. Mean age at surgery was 49 [33-58] years. Patient reported outcome measures were collected before and after surgery, using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Short Form 36 quality of life survey (SF-36), McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) and EuroQol-5D questionnaires (EQ-5D; Health state). Electrode localisation was performed by registering postoperative CT to pre-operative MR in Montreal Neurological Institute space. RESULTS: Eleven patients (73.3 %) reported relief from their pain. Early post-surgery mean pain (VAS) was improved by 39.6% [P = .041], mean SF-36 score by 7.2%, mean MPQ score by 9.7%, mean EQ-5D score by 26.7% [P = .016] and their Health State by 14.0%. CONCLUSION: Affective ACC DBS can relieve chronic neuropathic pain refractory to pharmacotherapy and restore quality of life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".