Density and Refractive Index of Petroleum, Cuts, and Mixtures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Densities and refractive indices were measured for native crude oils, distillation cuts, and thermo- and hydrocracked oils at 20 °C and for some samples up to 60 °C, all at atmospheric pressure. These data as well as pure component and crude oil data from the literature were used to develop correlations between the following: the refractive index function (FRI) and density; the thermal and FRI expansion coefficients; and the binary interaction parameters used in mixing rules for the density and FRI of mixtures. The density (or FRI) of the components (or liquids treated as a single component) were both correlated to within 2%. The density (or FRI) of a mixture was fitted also to within 2% using mixing rules with only the known component density (or FRI) at 20 °C as the input. The mixture density (or FRI) can be predicted to within 4% using only the correlated component density (or FRI) at 20 °C. The correlations have yet to be tested at temperatures above 60 °C and pressures above atmospheric.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".