The paranoid style of investment lawyers and arbitrators: investment law norm entrepreneurs and their critics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Investment arbitration lawyers and scholars have been reluctant to admit that there is any impending threat to the survival of investor-state dispute settlement. There is no legitimacy crisis, they maintain, at most there is a public relations problem. Sornarajah, however, has been predicting the demise investor-state dispute settlement for some time, even as the evidence for this remains tentative and uneven. Despite their exhibition of confidence, investment lawyers appear worried nevertheless. They have been issuing intemperate screeds, accusing critics of being 'misguided,' 'shrill' 'propagandists,' and spreading 'lies.' This paper examines some of the evidence that provides grounds for confidence and concern on the part of investment policy entrepreneurs. The paper also offers some thoughts on why investment lawyers, on those rare occasions when they choose to engage with their critics, do so in these belligerent terms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".