International Law and Economic Sanctions Imposed by the United Nations' Security Council. Legal Implications in the Ground of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (El Derecho Internacional Y Las Sanciones Económicas Impuestas Por El Consejo De Seguridad De Las Naciones Unidas. Implicaciones En El Campo De Los Derechos Económicos, Sociales Y Culturales)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
English Abstract: Nowadays and concretely after the end of Cold War, it is quite visible that the activity of the Security Council is showing a variation to the traditional conception of the international system, as the increase of actions starting from the invocation of Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations was accompanied by new controversial outcomes. This paper intends to describe several legal issues related to the imposition of economic sanctions by the Security Council, in order to show that even if it appears that such organ of the United Nations has a wide margin of appreciation when maintaining international peace and security, there are some limits arisen from the Charter of the United Nations – assumed here as a constitutional device – but also from other branches of International Law, conceived nowadays as relevant for the protection of individuals from the adverse effects of these measures.Spanish Abstract: Hoy en dia, y concretamente luego de la finalizacion de la guerra fria, es claro que la actividad del Consejo de Seguridad esta presentando una variacion con referencia a una vision clasica de la estructura de la comunidad internacional, concretamente, que el incremento de las acciones desarrolladas en virtud del Capitulo VII de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas estan produciendo resultados altamente controversiales. Esta investigacion busca describir varias cuestiones legales relacionadas con la imposicion de sanciones economicas por parte del Consejo de Seguridad, con el fin de mostrar que si bien parece ser que aquel organo tiene un amplio margen de discrecion para actuar en virtud del mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacional, hay algunos limites impuestos por la mencionada Carta – asumida aqui como un dispositivo legal constitucional, pero tambien por otras ramas del Derecho Internacional, concebido hoy en dia como un mecanismo de proteccion de derechos humanos.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".