PROSPECTS FOR THE MANX SHEARWATER COLONY ON MIDDLE LAWN ISLAND, NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marine Ornithology 41: 137–140 (2013) Manx Shearwaters (Puffinus puffinus) are relatively long-lived, pelagic seabirds for which the main breeding populations are in Great Britain and Ireland (Perrins et al. 1973, Brooke 1990). In eastern North America they are uncommon but regular visitors, and rarely breed (Lee & Haney 1996). In 1977, Manx Shearwaters were found to have established a colony on Middle Lawn Island (MLI), off the south coast of Newfoundland, Canada (Figure 1; Storey & Lien 1985). Their presence in the region had been documented through the recovery of bands since 1954 (Storey & Lien 1985). In 1974 and 1976, Storey and Lien (1985) confirmed the presence of Manx Shearwaters on MLI, but found no evidence of breeding. Between 1977 and 1981, the number of burrows (i.e., burrows with evidence of some activity such as digging) grew from 76 to 221, and the estimated population size (total number of birds present on MLI based on mark-recapture) rose from 200 to over 350 birds (Storey and Lien 1985). Yet, during this time, the proportion of breeding burrows (i.e., with eggs/chicks) was 9% or less (Storey & Lien 1985). In 1989, Lien and Ledwell (1990) estimated 500 burrows, but, in 1990, no breeding could be confirmed (see Robertson 2002). By 2001, the colony was still active (i.e., prospecting behavior occurring at the colony), although breeding was confirmed in only two of 64 burrows, and the size of the population was estimated to be about 100 birds (Robertson 2002).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.032 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".