Expression of monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR in relation with sepsis severity and plasma mediators.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: After an initial septic hit, the immune response to a new antigen changes as time progresses, with an unpredictable efficiency. The aim of this study was to characterize the monocyte functional phenotype by HLA-DR expression in septic patients at the onset of sepsis and during recovery in relation to organ failure and plasma mediators. METHODS: Twenty-six patients were analyzed as either single organ failure at worst (SOF) or multiple organ failure (MOF) over 14 days. Twelve patients received immunosuppressive (IS) drugs before sepsis. We measured: 1) monocyte HLA-DR expression (mHLA-DR); 2) plasma pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-12p40, macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor [MIF]); 3) plasma anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10, cortisol); and 4) in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated mHLA-DR in 6-hour whole blood culture or after plasma replacement with standard milieu. RESULTS: mHLA-DR expression was equally decreased in patients who were treated with IS drugs as those who were not. Despite the difference in severity, SOF patients showed a similar profound mHLA-DR downregulation as MOF patients at day 0, but tended to recover earlier. MOF patients presented higher plasma IL-10 and cortisol levels than SOF patients but similar plasma IL-12p40 and MIF levels. In vitro LPS stimulation showed an impaired mHLA-DR response in both groups. Plasma replacement by milieu elicited a slight improvement in the response to LPS in SOF but not MOF patients. CONCLUSIONS: At the onset of sepsis, an initial low mHLA-DR was not related to any prior IS drug regimen, the severity of the sepsis or the outcome. The duration of mHLA-DR downregulation could be related to plasma factors in SOF, while other mechanisms may be implicated in MOF evolution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".