The 2nd Russian Constitutional Court (1995–2007): <i>Problematique</i> of Implementation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Firing two or three officials from the executive branch for ignoring RCC decisions would greatly enhance the enforcement of laws in Russia. – Chief Justice of the Russian Constitutional Court Vladimir Tumanov We have a well-established practice of sham compliance of other courts with the Constitutional Court decisions. – Russian Constitutional Court Justice Tamara Morshchakova Many Constitutional Court decisions containing orders to the legislature are not carried out or are carried out with long delays. – Clerk of the Chief Justice of the Russian Constitutional Court Vladimir Ovchinskii Unlike its predecessor, the 2nd Russian Constitutional Court has focused its primary attention on developing generally applicable constitutional principles instead of resolving specific political disputes. Badly damaged by Yeltsin's suspension, the 2nd RCC initially turned its attention to individual rights rather than to serious political controversies at both the federal and the subnational levels. However, as I have shown in Chapter 5, the RCC became increasingly involved in the core of Russian politics under the first term of President Putin. Before I discuss how and why the Court continued to face serious challenges in getting its judgments implemented, a caveat is in order. Recall from Chapter 5 that the 2nd Court has gone beyond the letter of the 1994 RCC Act by issuing various kinds of decisions. Several dozen of them do not annul a contested statute but, instead, contain a constitution-conforming interpretation of the statute.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".