Improved Sea Ice Concentration Estimation Through Fusing Classified SAR Imagery and AMSR-E Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
. A method to automatically combine binary ice/water information from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sea ice images with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) daily ice concentration product is proposed for the purpose of generating sea ice concentration estimates with improved detail and accuracy. First, each pixel in the SAR image is labeled as ice or water using the MAp-Guided Ice Classification (MAGIC) SAR image classification system. Second, the labeled pixels are modeled as a Bernoulli process and combined with the AMSR-E ice concentration data in a Bayesian framework to generate improved ice concentration estimation. Visually interpreted ice/water extent and sea ice image analyses from the Canadian Ice Service (CIS) are used as comparison data. The combination of SAR ice/water labeled pixels with the AMSR-E ice concentration is shown to improve the ice concentration estimates, especially at the ice edge where substantial improvements are observed. Although the present study uses ice/water information from SAR, the method is general and could be used with other sources of ice/water remote sensed data.Résumé. Une méthode pour combiner automatiquement les informations binaires de glace/eau des images de radar à ouverture synthétique «synthetic aperture radar» (SAR) de la glace de mer avec le produit de la concentration quotidienne des glaces de «Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS» (AMSR-E), est proposée dans le but de produire des estimations de concentration de glace de mer en améliorant les détails et la précision. Tout d’abord, chaque pixel de l’image SAR est étiqueté comme de la glace ou de l’eau en utilisant le système de classification de l’image SAR «MAp-Guided Ice Classification» (MAGIC). Deuxièmement, les pixels étiquetés sont modélisés comme un processus de Bernoulli et combinés avec les données de concentration de glace AMSR-E dans un cadre Bayésien pour générer une meilleure estimation de la concentration de glace. L’étendue de la glace/eau interprétée visuellement et les analyses de l’image de la glace de mer du Service canadien des glaces «Canadian Ice Service» (CIS) sont utilisées comme données de comparaison. La combinaison des pixels SAR étiquetés glace/eau avec la concentration de glace AMSR-E améliore les estimations de concentration de glace, en particulier à la lisière de glace où des améliorations substantielles sont observées. Bien que la présente étude utilise les informations de glace/eau de SAR, la méthode est générale et peut être utilisée avec d’autres sources de données de télédétection de glace/eau.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".