Oral Health Behaviour of Adolescents: a Comparative Study in 35 Countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study is part of the Cross-National Survey on Health Behaviour in School-aged Children – World Health Organization Collaborative Study, which started in 1982. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the health behaviour patterns related to oral health (toothbrushing and dieting) in cross-national perspective and access its interrelations at the level of individuals and at the level of countries. Materials: The samples represent 11-15-year-old schoolchildren from 32 countries of Europe, Israel, Canada, and the USA in 2001-2002 school-year. Methods: The research was carried out according to the methodology of the HBSC study using the anonymous standardized questionnaire. Frequencies of toothbrushing and consumption of sweets, soft drinks, fruits and vegetables were estimated in the present study. Age standardized data in aggregated samples of 11-15-years-olds were used for the comparisons across countries. Relationships between variables were estimated both at the individual’s level and at the country’s level. Results: The toothbrushing habits apparently were best in Switzerland, Norway and Sweden, as the proportion of children who reported toothbrushing more than once a day was higher than 74% of boys ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".