Detection and characterisation of Clostridium difficile in Australian Thoroughbred foals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diarrhoea is a common disease in young foals that is labour intensive and costly to manage. A large number of infectious agents have been detected in foals with diarrhoea, but the pathogenic importance of many of these agents is poorly understood. Clostridium difficile has been associated with severe necrotising enteritis in foals, but has also been isolated from healthy foals. Hypervirulent strains of C. difficile, such as ribotypes 027 and 078, commonly associated with human hospital outbreaks of diarrhoea, have also been detected in some animal populations. There are limited data on C. difficile disease in Australian horses. In a prospective case control investigation of diarrhoea in foals, faecal samples were collected on five Thoroughbred breeding farms in New South Wales, Australia, from foals with diarrhoea and age-matched control foals (agematched pair). In addition, faeces were collected from foals with diarrhoea at an equine referral hospital. Foal faeces were tested for the presence of C. difficile using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay (qPCR) targeting the gene encoding triose phosphate isomerase. Anaerobic culture for C. difficile was performed on samples that tested positive by qPCR and isolates were further characterised by ribotyping. In total, 117 age
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".