The Evolution of Palestinian Critical Geography in Palestine and Beyond
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the writing of Palestinian academics and writers on their homeland and society from the late 19th century to the present, arguing that by the time Palestinian critical geographers came into their own in the 1980s, they had already been preceded in their thinking and approaches by a range of Palestinian critical thinkers who themselves wrote on spatial and geographic issues. Modern Palestinian geography, the authors contend, was informed and boosted by the work of Edward W. Said and many other thinkers who shared a common fundamental perspective: to counter the de-Arabization of Palestine and provide an independent geographic viewpoint of the homeland they belong to, in the aftermath of the dispossession and denationalization of the Palestinian people that peaked in the 1948 an-Nakba and continues in myriad contours of de-development into the present—in other words, an independent Palestinian discourse. The article outlines the continuum of anti-colonial and historicall...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.050 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".