A comparison of psychosocial health in North American and Chinese Canadian cardiac outpatients, and ethnocultural correlates of quality of life.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To: 1) compare sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics of Chinese Canadian and North American cardiac outpatients, 2) describe the ethnocultural characteristics of Chinese Canadian cardiac outpatients, and 3) investigate ethnocultural correlates of quality of life among Chinese Canadian cardiac outpatients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: 11 hospitals and two outpatient clinics of a Chinese Canadian cardiologist in Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: 1404 (n = 96; 6.8% Chinese Canadian) cardiac outpatients. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Participants completed a survey assessing sociodemographic, ethnocultural and psychosocial characteristics. Quality of life was assessed with the MacNew instrument, which was translated to traditional Chinese character. RESULTS: Chinese Canadian cardiac outpatients were of significantly lower socioeconomic status, and were less likely to be working, had lower activity status, body mass index, were less likely to smoke, had better left ventricular function, and were less likely to have undergone bypass surgery than their North American counterparts. Chinese Canadians reported significantly lower quality of life and social support than North Americans. Of the Chinese Canadian participants, 13 (26.5%) felt they needed an interpreter during a cardiac medical visit but did not receive this service. Correlates of greater quality of life in Chinese Canadian cardiac outpatients were greater proficiency in both English and Chinese languages, as well as perceived ability to communicate with Canadians, to fit into social situations, and understand English jokes. CONCLUSION: Some characteristics of Chinese Canadian cardiac outpatients may put their health at a disadvantage when compared to their North American counterparts, however some protective factors were also observed. Language proficiency was a key correlate of quality of life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".