Prevalence and Severity of Anemia in Children Hospitalized with Acute Heart Failure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Anemia is common among adult heart failure patients and is associated with adverse outcomes, but data are lacking in children with heart failure. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in children hospitalized with acute heart failure and to evaluate the association between anemia and adverse outcomes. DESIGN: Review of the medical records of 172 hospitalizations for acute heart failure. SETTING: Single, tertiary children's hospital. PATIENTS: All acute heart failure admissions to our institution from 2007 to 2012. INTERVENTIONS: None. OUTCOME MEASURES: Composite endpoint of death, mechanical circulatory support deployment, or cardiac transplantation. RESULTS: Patients ages ranged in age from 4 months to 23 years, with a median of 7.5 years, IQR 1.2, 15.9. Etiologies of heart failure included: dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 125), restrictive cardiomyopathy (n = 16), transplant coronary artery disease (n = 18), ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 7), and heart failure after history of congenital heart disease (n = 6). Mean hemoglobin concentration at admission was 11.8 g/dL (±2.0 mg/dL). Mean lowest hemoglobin prior to outcome was 10.8 g/dL (±2.2 g/dL). Anemia (hemoglobin <10 g/dL) was present in 18% of hospitalizations at admission and in 38% before outcome. Anemia was associated with increased risk of death, transplant, or mechanical circulatory support deployment (adjusted odds ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-2.88, P = .011). For every 1 g/dL increase in the patients' lowest hemoglobin during admission, the odds of death, transplant, or mechanical circulatory support deployment decreased by 18% (adjusted odds ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval = 0.74-0.93, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Anemia occurs commonly in children hospitalized for acute heart failure and is associated with increased risk of transplant, mechanical circulatory support, and inhospital mortality.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".