Investigations on the degradation of an antibiotic Cephalexin using suspended and supported TiO<sub>2</sub>: Mineralization and durability studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rising levels of antibiotics in treated wastewater pose a great threat to human health worldwide. The present study shows degradation studies of antibiotic Cephalexin using slurry and innovative fixed‐bed photocatalysis under UVA (365 nm) irradiations. A UV‐spectrophotometer/HPLC was used for analyzing the decay of Cephalexin. Studies showed that variation in UV intensity, dose variation of TiO2and H2O2,area by volume (A/V), and pH affect the degradation to a great extent. The degradation rate followed pseudo‐first order kinetics with optimized conditions for degrading the antibiotic being TiO21.0 g · L−1, H2O20.15 mL, with UV intensity of 25 W · m−2. The COD decrease (80 %) with the generation of nitrite, nitrate, and sulphate ions confirmed the mineralization of the selected compound. TiO2‐coated spherical cement beads were used for fixed‐bed studies, which eliminates the implications of slurry mode photocatalysis. The beads were recycled for at least 50 cycles, which confirmed the durability of the catalyst, and characterized by SEM‐EDAX. Attempts were made to study the pilot‐scale fixed‐bed baffled solar reactor for degrading Cephalexin, which confirmed 70 % degradation after 10 h.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".