A phased approach to prioritize road authority resources to comply with new Canadian grade crossing regulations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On December 17th, 2014, the Canada Gazette published the new Grade Crossings Regulations (Statutory Order and Regulations 2014-275) pursuant to the Railway Safety Act. The intended purpose of the new Regulations is to address gaps within the existing voluntary standards and regulations to improve safety performance of grade crossings of all federally regulated railroads and reduce fatalities, injuries, property damage and environmental damage at crossings. While the new Regulations establish enforceable safety standards, they also outline the roles and responsibilities of both the railroads and road authorities in terms of information sharing on operational characteristics, infrastructure at new and existing crossings, and sightlines. Railroads and road authorities will need to work collaboratively to ensure all existing public crossings (approximately 14,000 across Canada) meet or exceed the standards set out in the Regulations within the next seven years to improve safety at grade crossings for all transportation users and avoid potential financial penalties. This paper provides an overview of the GCR, including how the GCR will be enforced and the roles and responsibilities of road authorities and railway companies, and provides an approach for road authorities to prioritize and allocate resources to comply with the new regulations. Specifically this paper describes an approach to comply with the information sharing requirements and to identify significant grade crossing investments that may necessitate several years to implement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.036 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".