Update and Trends of Three Important Seabird Populations in the Western North Atlantic Using a Geographic Information System Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Update and trends of three important seabird populations in the western North Atlantic using a geographic information system approach.Marine Ornithology 43: 211-222.The productive waters of Newfoundland, Canada, render this region host to nationally and globally important breeding seabird populations.This study updates estimates and trends of three major populations using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach to estimate occupied areas of high-density breeding seabirds, correcting for slope.Our results show that the Common Murre Uria aalge breeding population on Funk Island remains the largest in the western North Atlantic at 472 259 SE 32 740 (CI 398 669-545 849) pairs and increased at a rate of +0.3% per year between 1972 and 2009.The Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica colony on Great Island, Witless Bay, increased between 1979 and 1994 and continues to host the largest population of this species in North America at 174 491 (CI 147 559-201 423) breeding pairs estimated in 2011; the population has stabilized and may be showing signs of decline.Finally, Leach's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa breeding on Great Island, previously the second largest population in the western North Atlantic, has declined by 55% since 1979; it was estimated at 134 139 (CI 76,459) pairs in 2011, and is the lowest to date.Our GIS approach incorporated a 3D model to correct for slope of nesting areas; compared with traditional non-GIS techniques, this approach increased the estimated occupied area by 5%-10% for flat surfaces occupied by murres, by 16%-36% for moderate slopes occupied by storm-petrels, and by 40%-46% for steep slopes occupied by puffins.The application of newer tools such as high resolution satellite imagery and digital elevation models, coupled with GIS, are becoming more common and continue to improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessing occupied areas of highdensity breeding seabirds.Key words: geographic information system, monitoring, Newfoundland, population estimate, population trend, seabirds Lock et al. 1994), with a significant proportion of the breeding population protected within the boundaries of six Seabird Ecological Reserves; access to these reserves is managed by Newfoundland and Labrador's Department of Environment and Conservation (http:// www.env.gov.nl.ca/env/parks/wer/find.html; accessed 22 May 2015).The Funk Island Ecological Reserve hosts the largest Common Murre colony in the western North Atlantic (Montevecchi & Tuck 1987), while the Witless Bay Ecological Reserve supports the largest Atlantic Puffin population in North America (Chardine 1999) and the second largest Leach's Storm-Petrel population in the western North Atlantic (Robertson et al. 2006).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".