<i>In Situ</i> Silver Decoration on Graphene Oxide-Treated Thin Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membranes: Biocidal Properties and Regeneration Potential
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The surfaces of thin film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membranes were modified by in situ formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the presence and absence of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to impart biocidal properties to the membranes. The abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups in GO makes it suitable for anchoring Ag + ions and governing the size, shape, and distribution of AgNPs. The presence of GO resulted in the formation of smaller and uniformly distributed AgNPs as well as increased silver loading, higher stability, and enhanced ion release control. Membranes modified by both GO and Ag exhibited improved (98%) bacterial inactivation when compared to that of only Ag-modified (80%) or GO-modified membranes (50%). After release of Ag ion from GO-Ag-modified membranes for 7 days, AgNP regeneration was conducted in a manner identical to the in situ Ag formation procedure. After regeneration, the membrane regained nearly all of its antibacterial properties and 75% of its initial silver loading.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".