Spin-cluster excitations in the rare-earth kagome system<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">d</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi>Si</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spin-cluster excitations induced by microwave radiation have been detected as a function of an applied magnetic field in the rare-earth kagome system $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{d}}_{3}\mathrm{G}{\mathrm{a}}_{5}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{14}$. The results are interpreted using a Heisenberg model which allows for anisotropic exchange interactions between neighboring spins. At a microwave frequency of 120 GHz the conventional independent-ion electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum, due to Zeeman splitting of the ground state Kramers doublet, is not observed at low temperatures. Instead, a large number of resonances are seen that are shifted from the conventional ESR position. These resonances persist to temperatures well above 20 K with similar behavior found at 230 GHz. The observations are consistent with the excitation of spin waves in short-range antiferromagnetically correlated spin loops or clusters and are similar to the ESR spectral features seen previously in the $\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{r}}_{3}\mathrm{G}{\mathrm{a}}_{5}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{14}$ kagome system. Upon increasing the temperature and/or the microwave frequency, a broad Zeeman resonance does eventually emerge at the predicted ground state doublet resonance field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".