The Revised Index for Social Engagement in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Psychometric Study
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Social engagement is known to be an important factor that affects the quality of life and the psychological well-being of residents in long-term care settings. Few studies have examined social engagement in long-term care facilities in non-Western countries. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the revised index for social engagement (RISE), which was derived from the Korean version of the interRAI Long Term Care Facilities instrument. METHODS: Three hundred fourteen older adults from 10 nursing homes in Korea were included in the study. Convergent and discriminant validities were tested using correlation analysis and t tests, respectively. Factor analysis was adopted to examine the factor structure. The reliability of the RISE was tested using Cronbach's alpha values for internal consistency, and interrater reliability was tested using item kappa values and intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The RISE showed excellent convergent validity with the average time involved in activities (r = .58). The known-group comparison showed a significant difference in the means of RISE between the group with cognitive impairment and the group without cognitive impairment, indicating satisfactory discriminant validity. Factor analysis showed a good model fit for two factors in the RISE: group involvement and interaction with others. The RISE showed satisfactory internal consistency (α ≥ .70) and adequate interrater reliability (≥.40). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The RISE is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the social engagement of nursing home residents in Korea. Furthermore, this tool may be a useful instrument for assessing older ethnic Korean residents who reside in nursing homes that are located outside Korea.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it