Stress Enhanced Corrosion at the Tip of Near-Neutral pH Stress Corrosion Cracks on Pipelines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, corrosion at the tip of stress corrosion cracks on an X65 pipeline steel was investigated under various stress levels in a near-neutral pH solution. Electrochemical and micro-electrochemical measurements, combined with surface characterization and stress simulation, were conducted to understand the mechanistic aspects of stress enhanced corrosion at crack tip and its role in crack propagation in the steel. Results demonstrated that significant stress concentrations can develop at crack tip and enhance corrosion of the steel in the solution. The steel is in an active dissolution state. The crack propagation rate increases with the enhanced corrosion at the crack tip. However, the cracking mechanism is stress dependent. At the applied load of 600 N, the crack propagation is mainly a result of the steel dissolution at the crack tip. When the local stress level at the crack tip is smaller than this value, corrosion, rather than cracking, occurs inside the crack. When the stress level at the crack tip is sufficiently high to exceed the stress associated with the applied load of 600 N, corrosion becomes less important in the cracking process. Instead, the stress factor dominates the stress corrosion crack propagation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".