Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. There are few data about the optimal drug regimen and duration of therapy for Bacillus Calmette-Guerein (BCG) osteitis. Methods. We searched Medline using terms: Mycobacterium bovis, immunization, BCG vaccine, osteitis, and bone diseases; infectious. Exclusion criteria were; non-English, single case report, intravesicular BCG, non-human subjects, and insufficient description of treatment and complications. Results. Our search yielded 66 studies, with 6 case series (n = 2-222), the cumulative total was 261 patients. Median onset of BCG osteitis was 1 year post-vaccination (3-26 months). The lower extremity was the most common site. Most cases were immune-competent, however variations in the interferon-gamma receptor (n = 6), and mannose-binding lectin (n = 56) genotypes were found. Surgical biopsy was performed in 255 cases, diagnosis was via culture in 135 cases, pathology in 227 and exclusively clinical/radiologic in 6. TB skin tests were positive in 95 cases. The number of patients who underwent surgical debridement is unclear. Drug therapy usually included an early intensive phase of 2 months, followed by consolidation therapy for a total duration of 6-24 months. Drug combinations included INH, Rifampin, and a third drug, 13 cases received <3 effective drugs. No definite association between duration, drug regimen, and complication rate could be discerned (table). Complications occurred in 5%, including fistulae, abscess formation, and further surgical intervention, relapses occurred in 2%. The largest series reported complications in 3%. Treatment modalities m = month, S-Streptomycin, EA-Ethionamide, I-Isoniazid, R-Rifampin, P-Pyrazinamide, E-Ethambutol, PAS-Para-amino salicylic acid Conclusion. BCG osteitis is a rare complication with limited literature. Most patients respond well but the optimal therapy to prevent relapse and complications requires further study. Disclosures. All authors: No reported disclosures.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".