Percutaneously Inserted Central Catheter–Related Pleural Effusion in a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A 5‐Year Review (2008–2012)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) provide vascular access in newborns who require parenteral nutrition and medications, they can be associated with complications that lead to significant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics of pleural effusion (PLE) associated with PICC use in a large level III neonatal intensive care unit. DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective review of PICC-related PLE in newborns was conducted over a 5-year period, from 2008-2012. RESULTS: A total of 926 PICCs were inserted, accounting for 17,606 catheter days. PICC-related PLE was identified in 7 infants, with an incidence of 0.4 per 1000 catheter days. Infants who developed PLE had a median gestational age of 28 weeks (range, 24-38 weeks) and birth weight of 735 g (range, 500-2975 g). PICCs were inserted at a median age of 4 days (range, 3-11 days). The median time from catheter insertion to the development of PLE was 16 days (range, 7-75 days). In all cases, the catheter tips were centrally located at the time of insertion but migrated to the subclavian veins or tributaries at the time of the events. CONCLUSION: PICC-related PLE can be associated with the migration of PICC tips to noncentral locations, despite optimal positioning of the tip at the time of insertion. Attention should be paid to migration of catheter tips on subsequent x-ray films. For PICCs inserted via upper limb or scalp, serial follow-up x-rays, beginning 1 week after insertion, may be helpful to detect migration of catheter tips and identify patients at risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".