Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pedestrians are some of the most vulnerable road users of transportation systems. Accommodation of pedestrians at crosswalks in a safe and interactive manner has always been a great challenge to transportation professionals. In 2012, the City of Calgary decided to pilot Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB) at 8 locations to evaluate motorists’ yielding behavior to pedestrians. Reliability of the solar powered battery system in winter conditions and comparison of RRFB installation costs with the special crosswalk were also part of the pilot project. The results of before-after study were presented to The City of Calgary Council in 2013. Following the encouraging results, The City of Calgary has decided to expand the RRFB installation to 25 locations by 2015. This project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of RRFB in improving safety of pedestrians at crosswalks. Before-after studies indicated that the level of motorists’ yield compliance to pedestrians increased significantly at pedestrian crossings from lower to mid 80% to over 95% in most cases. With the increase in motorists’ yield compliance, it is expected that the risk of pedestrian related conflicts and collisions will decrease at these locations. Given the relatively low installation cost compared to overhead flashers (approximately 1/3rd) and yet very high yield compliance rate, this device could provide a cost-effective method to improve pedestrian safety at crosswalks (both intersections and mid-block locations). The rapid flash pattern of RRFB appears to be very effective in getting driver’s attention thereby increasing motorists’ yield compliance to pedestrians at crosswalks. Versatile nature of this device with options to power by solar batteries or by connecting to permanent power grid provides a perfect opportunity to use this device in various climatic conditions, especially in Canadian context. This pilot provided a platform for evaluating its effectiveness in terms of yield compliance and reliability of solar powered batteries in winter weather conditions. With the recent TAC approval of RRFB as a traffic control device, RRFBs are expected to be widely used across Canada once the warrant process has been established. This submission provides further details of the Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons Pilot Project for the nomination in the Road Safety Engineering Award category
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".