Unacylated Ghrelin Protects Hearts of Mice Subjected to Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective Ghrelin can be found in the circulation under two different forms: acylated ghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG). UAG, while being the predominant ghrelin isoform in circulation, is devoid of endocrine activity. Despite its inability to activate the classical ghrelin receptor, some studies have shown that UAG possesses cardiotropic properties. Our aim is to investigate the cardioprotective effects of UAG against myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Methods C57BL/6 mice were pretreated twice a day for 14 days with either AG or UAG at 200 nmol/kg/day. Myocardial ischemia was induced by the ligature of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 6 or 48 h. Results Infarct sizes were reduced by 68 and 60% (P<0.001) in AG‐ (n=6) and UAG‐treated mice (n=5), respectively. Unlike the UAG‐treated group, mice treated with AG showed increased fractional uptake rate (Ki) and net (Km) uptake of free fatty acids (FFA), by 46% (P<0.01) and 44% (P<0.05), respectively, using micropositron emission tomography. Plasma FFA concentrations and glycemia, however, were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion Our results show that both AG and UAG are cardioprotective against MI/R, but exert different cardiometabolic effects, with UAG protecting against the early increased FA uptake following reperfusion of ischemic hearts. Our study suggests that UAG could be a promising therapy to reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Supported by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Quebec and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".