Measuring the atomic recoil frequency using a modified grating-echo atom interferometer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We describe progress toward a precise measurement of the recoil energy of an atom measured using a modified grating-echo atom interferometer (AI) that involves three standing-wave (sw) pulses. With this technique, an additional sw pulse is used to shift the phase of excited momentum states, which produces a modulation in the contrast of the interference pattern. The signal exhibits narrow fringes that revive periodically at twice the two-photon recoil frequency, $2{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{q}$, as a function of the onset time of the pulse. Experiments are performed using samples of laser-cooled rubidium atoms with temperatures $\ensuremath{\lesssim}$5 $\ensuremath{\mu}$K in a nonmagnetic apparatus. We demonstrate a measurement of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{q}$ with a statistical uncertainty of 37 parts per ${10}^{9}$ (ppb) on a time scale of $\ensuremath{\sim}$45 ms in 14 h. Further statistical improvements are anticipated by extending this time scale and narrowing the signal fringe width. However, the total systematic uncertainty is estimated to be $\ensuremath{\sim}$6 parts per ${10}^{6}$ (ppm). We describe methods of reducing these systematic errors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".