An approach to acoustic properties of biological tissues using acoustic micrographs of attenuation constant and sound speed.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for two-dimensional measurement of acoustic properties of biological tissue elements at the microscopic level for specimens with a thickness of approximately 10 microm. METHODS: The procedure was developed on the basis of mechanically scanned acoustic microscopic techniques in the frequency range of 100 to 200 MHz and the theory of interference phenomena. Various tissues and samples were prepared to evaluate the method and to interpret sound propagation properties. RESULTS: Tissues with high protein content, low water content, or both had a high attenuation constant and sound speed. The exponent n of attenuation against frequency was almost unity at the microscopic level, whereas it was greater than unity when the specimen thickness was greater. Sound speed dispersion was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The method was shown to be reproducible, and the data were interpreted acoustically and pathologically with reference to tissue type and specimen thickness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".