Rho-Rho Loran-C Combined with Satellite Navigation for Offshore Surveys
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Loran-C system of navigation recently became usable in the rho-rho (range-range) mode with the installation of atomic clocks at all the Loran-C stations. This paper outlines briefly the principles of rho-rho Loran-C operation and the associated problems of geodesy and radio wave propagation. It describes the procedure for using rho-rho Loran-C alone and in combination with Satellite Navigation, as developed over the past two years at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography. Results of accuracy tests are given along with estimates of the magnitudes of the various sources of errors in Loran-C range measurements for both the standalone and satellite aided modes of operation. The results generally show a 2 \sigma \!\, absolute ranging accuracy of 270 m using rho-rho Loran-C alone with an improvement to about 180 m when combined with Satellite Navigation. The Bedford Institute of Oceanography rho-rho Loran-C system has been used routinely with Satellite Navigation at ranges of 2 500 km (1 250 n.m.). Based on this experience the rho-rho Loran-C coverage would include most of the North Atlantic Ocean and large areas o f the Pacific.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it