Numerical modeling of the cooling cycle and associated thermal stresses in a melt explosive charge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comprehensive simulation tool is developed to describe and optimize the cooling cycle in the melt‐casting of Composition B. It comprises a multiphysics approach tackling heat, mass, and momentum transfers involved in the casting process. The highly nonlinear solidification step and development of thermal stresses are included. A V & V (Verification and Validation) approach was adopted whereby the model was verified against a benchmark problem and tested with a simple cylindrical geometry. Then, the approach was applied to a 105 mm caliber artillery shell and simulation results were in close agreement with experimental measurements. The model is equipped with a CZM function to account for adhesion between the solidified cast and the mold. During cooling, separation is possible and the size and location of gaps, depending on shrinkage and adhesion, are successfully emulated. The importance of controlled solidification is pointed out, especially regarding steep temperature gradients within the shell. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3797–3811, 2016
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".