Physiological effects of short- and long-term exposure to elevated carbon dioxide on a freshwater mussel, <i>Fusconaia flava</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zones of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) have the potential to deter the movement of fishes. Should CO2 be used as a barrier, non-target organisms, such as freshwater mussels, have the potential to be impacted. In this study, the physiological responses of adult Fusconaia flava exposed to elevated partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) over both short-term (6 h exposure with 6 h recovery) and long-term (4-, 8-, and 32-day exposure) periods were measured. A 6 h exposure to either ∼15 000 μatm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) or ∼200 000 μatm caused an elevation in hemolymph Ca2+. Exposure to ∼200 000 μatm resulted in a decrease in hemolymph Cl−, and exposure to ∼15 000 μatm caused an increase in hemolymph Na+, whereas ∼200 000 μatm caused a decrease. Exposure to elevated pCO2 for long-term periods caused a decrease in hemolymph Mg2+ and an initial increase in hemolymph Ca2+. Body condition and hemolymph glucose were not significantly influenced by elevated pCO2 for both experiments. This study shows that elevated pCO2 had limited impacts on the physiological responses of adult freshwater mussels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".