Geometric Torsion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Consecutive case series analysis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of patients with thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in relation to different degrees of geometric torsion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: AIS is a three-dimensional (3D) deformity of the spine. A 3D classification of AIS, however, remains elusive because there is no widely accepted 3D parameter in the clinical practice. Recently, a new method of estimating geometric torsion has been proposed and detected two potential new 3D subgroups based on geometric torsion values. METHODS: This is an analysis of 93 patients with Lenke type-1 deformity from our institution. 3D reconstructions were obtained using biplanar radiographs both pre- and postoperatively. Geometric torsion was computed using a novel technique by approximating local arc lengths at the neutral vertebra in the thoracolumbar segment. An inter- and intragroup statistical analysis was performed to compare clinical indices of patients with different torsion values. A qualitative assessment was also performed on each patient by two senior staff surgeons. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in clinical indices between high (2.85 mm) and low torsion (0.83 mm) Lenke type 1 subgroups. Preoperatively, the high torsion group showed higher Cobb angle values in the thoracic segment (71.18° vs. 63.74°), as well as higher angulation in the thoracolumbar plane of maximum deformity (67.79° vs. 53.30°). Postoperatively, a statistically significant difference was found in the orientation of the plane of maximum deformity in the thoracolumbar segment between the high and low torsion groups (47.95° vs. 30.03°). Results from the qualitative evaluation of surgical results showed different results between the two staff surgeons. CONCLUSION: These results suggest a link between preoperative torsion values and surgical outcomes within Lenke type 1 deformities. These results will need to be validated by an independent group, as it is a single-center study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".