Shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets cemented to bovine enamel with composite and resin-modified glass ionomer cements.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of short- and long-term storage on the shear bond strength of metal, polycarbonate, and ceramic orthodontic bracket bases using autopolymerizing resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIC). The glass ionomer cement was applied in both a wet and a dry environment. METHODS: With a method developed in the authors' laboratory, orthodontic brackets were cemented under constant pressure to embedded bovine incisor enamel. All cements were mixed and applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, 7 days, or 180 days. After the lapse of each time interval, they were shear tested to failure. The shear bond strengths (SBSs) were converted to megapascals (MPa). An adhesive remnant index (ARI) was used to record the site of the residual cement. RESULTS: There were no precipitous increases or decreases in SBS over a lapsed time of 180 days, although some variations occurred between 24 hours and 7 days. Similar findings were recorded for ARI. CONCLUSIONS: The bracket base-cement combinations produce clinically sustainable SBSs over time. Selection of the cement may be important in patients who exhibit a high risk for caries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".