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Record W234401608

Color Blind: The Forgotten Tcam That Broke Baseball's Color Line

2013· article· en· W234401608 on OpenAlex
Cliff Hight

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueNine · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicAmerican Sports and Literature
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsLeagueWhite (mutation)CasualNarrativeHistoryVisual artsMedia studiesArtLawLiteratureSociologyPolitical science
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Torn Dunkel. Color Blind: The Forgotten Team That Broke Baseball's Color Line. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2013. 345 pp. Cloth, $25.00. Cliff Hight In Color Blind: The Forgotten Team That Broke Baseball's Color Line, long-time journalist Tom Dunkel crafts an engaging account of a uniquely successful 19305 semipro team from Bismarck, North Dakota. This integrated team, existing in a state with a miniscule African American population, was ahead of its time fielding Negro league players, including Satchel Paige, Quincy Trouppe, Hilton Smith, Ted Radcliffe, and others. They played side-by-side with white ballplayers and led the Bismarck team to the 1935 championship of the National Baseball Congress semipro tournament. Color Blind stands as an important narrative that adds to the body of historical writing about race relations in baseball. Dunkel is a freelance writer with articles in national magazines and newspapers. In his first book, he uses this writing experience adeptly with a read- able style that should resonate with casual consumers and even engross more studied experts. His polished ability is evident as he winds the narrative through brief detours that touch diverse subjects, including the Harlem Globetrotters, the House of David team, the Ku Klux Klan, and the effects of the Great Depression on the northern plains. The author became fascinated with the story of the Bismarcks after reading articles about Double Duty Radcliffe, whose chatterbox style and longevity made him one of the elder statesmen for the Negro leagues and black baseball. Radcliffe's mention of playing in Bismarck started Dunkel on research stops across the country. Dunkel said, It took several years to untangle the spaghetti of conflicting facts, half truths, and rumors surrounding the Bismarck team and the lost world of semipro baseball (295). Semiprofessional had existed intermittently in Bismarck since 1911, and by the 193os local car salesman Neil Churchill had spent many years managing the team or drumming up support for it. When he returned to manage the team in 1933, he decided to spend money bringing in quality players, regardless of race. Dunkel focuses Color Blind on the team's exploits between 1933 and 1936, when Bismarck was home to this special group of ballplayers. Churchill's biggest catch was pitching great Satchel Paige, who became the club's chief drawing card in 1933 and 1935. He proved his value by winning over thirty games, losing only two, and tying once during the two seasons. Yet, as Dunkel noted, Paige had thoroughbred ability, but the heart of a wild stallion (77). One of Paige's excursions was a trip to a nearby American Indian reservation where he got some homemade snake-oil lotion that became part of his postgPme massage routine--an example of the many legendary stories from Paige's life that Dunkel relates. Another major character is Quincy Trouppe, the team's consistent backstop, who played from 1933 to 1936, the early years of his twenty-three-year international playing career. He was a fan favorite and a steady force on the field and in the clubhouse. Dunkel ably weaves Trouppe's story into the fabric of the Bismarck team experience. …

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.188
Threshold uncertainty score0.817

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.1840.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.023
GPT teacher head0.214
Teacher spread0.190 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it