Imaging skeletal pathology in mutant mice by microcomputed tomography.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We describe the utility of microcomputed tomography ( micro CT) for imaging skeletal abnormalities in rodent model systems. For the purpose of illustration, the progressive ankylosis (ank) mutant was selected. ank mice develop prominent articular and periarticular calcifications at multiple anatomical sites, including paws, elbows, knees, and vertebrae. METHODS: Forelimbs, hindlimbs, and proximal tail vertebrae of 4-month-old female ank/ank mice were scanned at 15 micro m resolution using a SkyScan 1072 micro CT instrument and images were generated using Analyze 4.0 software. RESULTS: This technique was able to show, in 3-dimensional images, the abnormal calcification of ank/ank mice, which was readily observed within joint surfaces, on periosteal surfaces, sesamoid bones, menisci, and joint capsules, as well as other periarticular ligamentous structures. CONCLUSION: As illustrated by the example of the progressive ankylosis mutant, micro CT represents a powerful emerging tool for identifying and monitoring the progression of developmental or acquired skeletal abnormalities within rodent models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".