Observations on the life-history traits of the North American parasitoid<i>Phasgonophora sulcata</i>Westwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) attacking<i>Agrilus planipennis</i>(Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Under laboratory and field conditions in Ontario, Canada, we explored the natural history ofPhasgonophora sulcataWestwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), an indigenous solitary endoparasitoid ofAgrilus planipennisFairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America. AdultP. sulcataemergence was ~20.2–23.9 days after host emergence at 21°C, withP. sulcatafemales emerging an ~5.4–5.8 days before males. Females also represented 61.8 and 67.0% of emerging adults in the two years sampled. Mean adult longevities for males and females ofP. sulcatawere 23.8±1.10 and 28.9±1.11 days at 21°C, respectively. Mean potential fecundity ofP. sulcataat emergence was 55.7±2.9 eggs per female. Based on adult emergence, parasitism at two sites varied from 11.7% to 34.4%. Adult parasitoids were first observed in the field in early June, with peak capture occurring in late June. Parasitism rates inA. planipennis-infested ash trees was not affected by tree height below 360 cm, whereas parasitism was not observed at heights>360 cm. Our results suggest that although mass rearing will be challenging, observed parasitism rates in conjunction with temporal and spatial synchrony indicate that indigenousP. sulcatamay be an important source of mortality forA. planipennispopulations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".