Influence of Cigarette Smoking on Burden and Characteristics of Coronary Artery Plaques in Chinese Men.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is generally well-known that smoking has a substantial impact on general health, and cardiovascular health in particular. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of different smoking status on the burden and characteristics of coronary artery plaques in Chinese men. METHODS: Our study enrolled 1920 individuals with suspected coronary artery disease undergoing 256-detector-row computed tomography scan after clinical assessment. These study participants were stratified into three groups: never smoker, current smoker, and former smoker, according to their smoking status. Thereafter, the associations of different smoking status with the coronary artery plaques were assessed using both univariable and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalences of any plaque, significant stenosis and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) ≥ 10 were highest in the current smokers (all p < 0.05). The proportion of calcified plaques was the lowest and the prevalence of non-calcified plaques was the highest in current smokers (p = 0.004). The higher pack-years group had significantly elevated percentages of any plaque, significant stenosis, ≥ 2/LM vessel disease and CACS ≥ 10 than the lower pack-years group (all p < 0.001). The percent of calcified plaques was lower and the percent of non-calcified plaques was higher in the higher (> 20) pack-years group than in the lower pack-years group (≤ 20) (p = 0.024). Current smoking with higher pack-years was the independent risk factor for any plaque, significant stenosis, CACS ≥ 10, non-calcified and mixed plaques (all p < 0.05) after multivariate adjustments. CONCLUSIONS: The current smokers had the most serious burden of coronary artery plaques and the highest percentage of non-calcified plaques. Current smoking with higher pack-years was a significant risk factor for coronary artery plaque burden and non-calcified and mixed plaques. KEY WORDS: Chinese men; Cigarette smoking; Coronary artery calcium score; Coronary artery plaques; Non-calcified plaques.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".