P2‐075: Gait performance as a biomarker of mild cognitive impairment: Clinical and imaging correlates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early motor changes associated with aging predict cognitive decline, which suggests that a “motor signature” can be detected in predementia states. We postulated that dual-task gait, walking while doing a cogntitive demanding task, is a reliable tool to detect MCI individuals with impeding cognitive decline and can be used as a clinical biomarker. Fifty-six older adults with MCI and 42 cognitively normal controls from the “Gait & Brain Study” were included. Gait velocity and stride time variability were measured while single (i.e., walking alone) and dual-tasking (walking while counting backwards by seven) using an electronic walkway (GAITRite). Ratios of N-acetyl-aspartate to creatine (NAA/Cr) and choline to creatine (Cho/Cr) and cortical volume were calculated, only in MCI participants, in the primary motor cortex using a 3TMRI Siemens equipment. From the 56 MCI (mean age 76.3±7.2; 50.9% female), 38 were amnestic-MCI (aMCI) and 18 were non amnestic-MCI (naMCI). Groups were similar in age, comorbidities, and history of falls. Forty-two cognitively normal controls (mean age 71.2±4.50;73% female) were also included. Amnestic-MCI participants walked slower than na-MCI (98.5 vs 112.2 cm/sec, p<0.03) in all test conditions. Adjusted multivariable linear regression showed aMCI was associated with slower gait and higher variability (p<.001) under dual-task tests. MCI participants were further categorized according to median NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios. Participants with low NAA/Cr (n=35) had higher (worse) stride time variability while dual-tasking than those with high NAA/Cr (p= .006). Those with high Cho/Cr had slower (worse) gait velocity while single (p=.015) and dual-tasking (p=.001). Low NAA/Cr was associated with increased stride time variability while dual-tasking (p= 0.03). High Cho/Cr was associated with slower gait velocity while single- ( p=.009) and dual-tasking (p=.02). Cortical volume correlated significantly with better gait performance in both conditons, and with decreased stride time. Participants with aMCI, specifically with episodic memory impairment, had poor gait performance under dual-task conditions, suggesting that slowness and higher stride time variability while dual-tasking is a distinct motor feature in aMCI. Those aMCI participants with lower gait performance presented abnormal metabolite ratios in the primary motor cortex suggesting a potential neurodegenration mechanism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".