Allelopathic Effects of Tithonia diversifolia Extracts on Biochemical Parameters and Growth of Vigna unguiculata
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Allelopathy has gained much attention in recent times in the sustainable agricultural systems. Allelochemicals released by different plants interact differently with each other, it therefore becomes imperative to study the possible biochemical processes underlying the allelopathy of some plants on other plants. In the present study, investigation was carried out on the phytochemical composition of aqueous and methanolic extracts of <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> and their allelopathic effect on the growth of <em>Vigna unguiculata</em>. Phytochemical analyses indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids in the methanolic extract, and in addition anthraquinones and saponins in the aqueous extract. The methanolic extract was found to be more phytotoxic than the aqueous extract; and the seed germination and seedling growth inhibition was concentration dependent. Both the methanolic and aqueous extracts increased significantly the concentration of proline and the level of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in <em>Vigna unguiculata,</em> while protein concentration and chlorophyll content were significantly reduced. There was however no significant difference in the amount of total soluble sugar. Cytological examination of the root tips of <em>Allium cepa</em> treated with both extracts showed no disparity in mitotic index and there was no chromosomal aberration. The study concluded that the extracts of <em>T. diversifolia</em> affected the seed germination and growth of <em>Vigna unguiculata</em>.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".