The Toxicity Assessment of ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate in Nematode C. elegans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<p class="1Body">Ethyl paraben (EP) is an antiseptic commonly used in food, medicine, cosmetics, and children's products. Parabens are popular due to their broad antibacterial spectrum, low cost, and stable pH characteristics, and though once considered safe as well as effective, recent studies have shown that EP has considerable oestrogenic activity which has adverse effect on the human reproduction system. In our study, we used a <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> assay system to investigate EP toxicity and its underlying mechanism. We found that prolonged exposure to EP decreased body length and locomotion behavior in the nematodes. Furthermore, most of the toxicities were transferable.<strong> </strong>Locomotion behavior defects were only partially recovered in progeny, and higher concentrations caused more significant defects; locomotion behavior improved after subsequent exposure to mutants PMK-1 and PMK-3. Taken together, the results showed that EP exerts adverse effect on <em>C. elegans</em> and may induce toxicity through various underlying mechanisms.</p>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".