Chondrosarcoma of the head and neck: report of 11 cases and literature review.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumour of mesenchymal origin. Chondrosarcomas most commonly occur on axial structures and are rarely found in the head and neck. A review of these tumours was carried out, focusing on management and outcomes. METHODS: Eleven chondrosarcoma cases of the head and neck were retrospectively identified at a tertiary care teaching centre. RESULTS: There were seven males and four females; ages ranged from 18 to 77 years. Specific sites included the larynx (3), trachea (1), petrous apex (2), skull base (2), cervical spine (1), clivus (1), and cavernous sinus region (1). Eight of the 11 patients had grade I disease (73%), whereas the remaining 3 (27%) had grade II tumours. None had metastatic disease at presentation. Surgical resection with postoperative radiation was the most widely employed primary treatment (55%); the remaining patients (45%) had surgical resection only. There were two recurrences. Salvage surgeries were performed in both. Disease-specific survival was 73% at 5 years. CONCLUSION: Chondrosarcomas are rare tumours of the head and neck. Treatment should be aimed at complete surgical resection with the option of postoperative radiotherapy. They usually portend a favourable long-term prognosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".