Surface Structural Transition Induced by Gradient Polyanion‐Doping in Li‐Rich Layered Oxides: Implications for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lithium‐rich layered oxides (LLOs) exhibit great potential as high‐capacity cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, but usually suffer from capacity/voltage fade during electrochemical cycling. Herein, a gradient polyanion‐doping strategy is developed to initiate surface structural transition to form a spinel‐like surface nanolayer and a polyanion‐doped layered core material in LLOs simultaneously. This strategy integrates the advantages of both bulk doping and surface modification as the oxygen close‐packed structure of LLOs is stabilized by polyanion doping, and the LLO cathodes are protected from steady corrosion induced by electrolytes. A LLO material modified with 5 at% phosphate (5%P@LLO) shows a high reversible discharge capacity of ≈300 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C, excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 95% after 100 cycles, and enhanced electrode kinetics. This gradient doping strategy can be further extended to other polyanion‐doped LLO materials, such as borate and silicate polyanions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it