Capacity assessment and potential for reuse of calcined Bofe bentonitic clay for adsorption of nickel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This work aims to evaluate different eluents in cycles of nickel adsorption/desorption on calcined Bofe clay. The following eluents were used sequentially for nickel desorption: H 2 SO 4 0.25 mol/L, NaCl 1.0 mol/L, CaCl 2 0.10 mol/L, and EDTA 0.10 mol/L. Physical‐chemical characterization analyses of Bofe clay samples were carried out under different conditions to evaluate the effect of the remaining metal on the adsorbent submitted to adsorption/desorption cycles. The adsorbent material was characterized by the following techniques: energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and N 2 physisorption (BET). Statistica 5.0 was used as a computational tool to adjust the rate quasi‐chemical solution to the experimental data of the breakthrough curves. From the new function obtained, breakthrough curves for different bed heights could be also simulated. An increase of the clay surface area and a reduction of real density after the passage of the four eluents were observed. Among the tested eluents, NaCl (1 mol/L) presented the highest percentage of desorption (88.08 %). The nickel adsorption/desorption cycles study showed that Bofe clay retains the same nickel adsorption capacity throughout the four evaluated cycles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".