Distribution of Heavy Metals in Reclamation Soils and Their Accumulation in Crops
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The physical,chemical and biological characteristics of filling reclamation soil were studied. The soil compaction was tested using the 2800 K1 Guelph permeability testing machine made in USA,W. E. T Sensor Kit (the British three-parameter rapid measure instrument HH2/WET) and the Ameri-can compactness meter. The results show that the pH of both the fly ash and gangue filling reclamationsoil (covering soil thickiness is 40 cm) are 7.98-8.78; the soil water content is 10%-20% higher than natural soil; the permeability coefficient is 0.059-0.286; the soil compaction is 200-300 PSI. The or-ganic matter content is lower than natural soil.The theoretics and methods used for analyzing heavy metal's spatial distribution characteristics infilling reclamation area were studied. Two hundreds and forty five soil samples were collected and pro-cessed. The heavy metal concentrations of the soil samples were determined,such as As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb,Zn and others. The heavy metals distribution of gangue and fly ash filling reclamation soil and natural soil for comparison were studied by varying multiple,contamination degree and concentrationstrend. The results show that; 1) Simple model can figure out the change tendency of microelements. All the grand means of model fitted error of the three sites kept within 30%. The site error of coal ganguewas the least,and the maximum is 18.4% ,the minimum 8.3%. 2) The numerical value of unmensurat-ed points can be deduced from mensurated points using polynomial model. The correspondingly seriateheavy metal contents and the spatial distributions were gained. 3) Kriging model:The built models have high fitting precision,taking Cd from fly ash site as an example.The effects of pH,the organic matter,the compaction and microorganism on the heavy metal distri-bution were analyzed. The results show that:1) The soil pH,soil organic matter and soil compaction ofthe filling reclamation site all only have slight relativities with the heavy metals,and relativity coefficient are between -0.6 and 0.6.2) Soil microorganisms have quite high relativity with soil heavy metals,and this presents much more obvious at a fly ash site.The limit standard of the heavy metal contaminations in wheat,rice and soybeans in primary coun-tries and regions in the world were studied. The selection standards of the heavy metal contaminations quota in wheat and other main crops were advanced. The rhizospheric soil's pollution situations of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb and Zn were analyzed by single contamination index method,and comprehensive contamination index method. The comprehensive contamination index of reclamation soil was less than1,and all the observation points reached to the secondary standard requirements of soil environment quality. The results show that:1) The distributions and migration tendencies of each different parts ofthe mature wheat growing on reclamation sites are in consistent. 2) There are differences in the distribu-tions and migration tendencies of each different parts of the mature wheat growing on control sites. Rootenrichment coefficient ratio was put forward. The Cd regression equation and Cr partial differential e-quation were established.Using the Surfer software and refutations data from polynomial model,the reclaimed soil structure of mining area,the vertical and horizontal distribution features of heavy metals in the soil were visual-ized. A quantitative simulation of color mapping images to describe the migration of Cd and Cr in the wheat was developed by Photoshop. The heavy metals pollution levels in different organs of wheat wasevaluated.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it