Reaction behavior and product formation mechanism of catalytic and thermal pyrolysis of gas oils derived from Canadian synthetic crude oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The reaction behavior of both catalytic pyrolysis and thermal pyrolysis of HGO(heavy gas oil) and LGO(light gas oil) derived from Canadian synthetic crude oil was investigated in a confined fluidized bed reactor.For the catalytic pyrolysis of HGO and LGO,the yields of total light olefins(ethylene,propylene and butylene) reach a maximum at about 660 ℃(33.8% and 35.6%,respectively).The thermal pyrolysis of HGO and LGO is in high extent;the conversions of HGO and LGO at 700 ℃ reach 66.7% and 76.3%,respectively.For the thermal pyrolysis of HGO,the yield of total light olefins shows a maximum of 27.9% at 680 ℃.Through comparing the gas product yield of catalytic pyrolysis with that of thermal pyrolysis,it was found that the addition of the catalyst accelerates the formation of ethylene and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG),and simultaneously restrains the formation of methane and ethane.Current results suggested that methane and ethane are mainly produced by the free radical reaction,while ethylene and LPG are produced by both the free radical reaction and the carbonium ion reaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".