Monolithic Module Design and Behavior Improvement of Large Area Dye-sensitized Solar Cell
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new type of simple and monolithic large size dye-sensitized solar cell(DSC) module was designed with 85% aperture ratio(ratio of active area to total area),which was much higher than that of traditional series and parallel modules.The present module reduces the transfer resistance through the electroplated nickel grid on F-doped SnO2(FTO) of anode as well as the nickel film on the FTO of counter electrode.The nickel grid and film are inside the cell and the separation of the cell is not required,which is useful to reduce the block part of light and beneficial to improve the harvest of light energy.The photoelectric conversion efficiency(η) with the active area of 510 mm2 reaches 3.00%(AM 1.5,100 mW/cm2) and the fill factor(FF) is 0.594,meanwhile the η and FF of DSC without nickel layer modification is only 0.537% and 0.251.So it is obvious that this novel designed module is very effective in the performance improvement.The underlying mechanism is understood based on the measurement of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) as well as the quality check of nickel film by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".