Radial Distribution and Axial Development of Particle Velocities in a Long CFB Riser
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To investigate the influence of operating conditions on particle movement and the radial distribution and axial development of particle velocity, local vertical ascending and descending particle velocities in a CFB riser of 15.1m high and 0.1m i.d. were systematically measured by an improved five-fiber optic particle velocity probe, with superficial gas velocity ranging from 3.5 to 8.2 ms-1 and solids circulation rate from 53 to 202kgm-2s-1. The experimental data obtained at 11 radial positions on 8 axial levels delineated clearly the radial distribution and the axial development of particle velocities in CFB risers. Results show that under higher superficial gas velocity and/or solids circulation rate, the effects of operating conditions on ascending and descending particle velocities in acceleration section are quite different from those in fully developed section, and the axial development of local particle velocities in core region are also different from that near the bed wall. Further, a radial non-uniformity index (RNI), proposed by Zhu and Manyele, is applied to describe quantitatively the non-uniformity in radial distribution of time mean particle velocities, which indicates that the radial non-uniformities of particle velocities increase up the riser, and correlate strongly with cross-sectional average particle velocities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".